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The purpose of this paper is to explore the rationality differences of cognition of non-technical medical services in different groups, and to provide countermeasures for improving non-technical medical services.

Literature analysis, expert interviews, questionnaire survey and frequency analysis were taken to reveal the influencing factors of non-technical medical services. Grey correlation methods were taken to compare the rationality differences of cognition of non-technical medical services by analysis influencing factors’ scores marked by different groups.

A total of 12 influencing factors of non-technical medical services were obtained, including “doctor’s working career”, “doctor’s strict implementation of medical treatment norms and medication guidelines”, “doctor’s service awareness”, etc. And rationality differences of cognition of non-technical medical services were confirmed as follows: the doctors’ cognition was more reasonable compared with patients; the women’s cognition was more reasonable compared with men; the lower aged groups’ cognition was more reasonable compared with higher aged groups; and people with doctoral degree had a less reasonable cognition compared with others.

The authors systematically discussed the cognition differences of non-technical medical services among different people, and provided some countermeasures reasonably.

The purpose of this paper is to understand the attitude of patients towards the current medical service price and the effect of policy implementation, and explore the existing problems of the current medical service price policy in the region in order to provide a research basis for the dynamic adjustment mechanism of the medical service price.

Literature analysis and expert interviews are used to design the questionnaire of the dynamic adjustment of medical service price formation mechanism. A convenient sampling method is used to extract data of 600 patients from the five areas, namely Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong and Liaoning, on-site to fill out the paper-based questionnaire and electronic questionnaire. The grey relational analysis is used to explore the difference in the attitudes of patients towards the price of the medical service. Combined with the research results and expert interview results, some improvement suggestions related to the current price policy of medical service in five areas are put forward.

The overall average score of respondents in the five areas, namely Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong and Liaoning, is found to be 3.861. In terms of surgical operation fee and examination fee, the average score is higher than 4, i.e. 4.097 and 4.011, respectively, indicating “relatively high” nodes. According to grey relevancy sorting, the correlation between the health service price attitude and the overall score in the five regions is in the following order: Shandong > Tianjin > Beijing > Liaoning > Hebei.

In this study, patients’ attitude towards the current price of medical services in their local areas, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong and Liaoning, is investigated in order to explore the existing problems of medical service price reform and thus provide the basis for further improvement in the medical service price policy.

Through a questionnaire survey, the purpose of this paper is to understand and analyse the cognitions of medical service price of medical workers in various regions of China, and discuss the policy suggestions on the price dynamic adjustment of medical service.

The authors conducted a questionnaire survey on the cognition of medical service price medical workers in various regions of China, and then the grey relational analysis theory is used to analyse the data obtained from the questionnaire survey.

The investigation and analysis shows some cognitions of hospital workers on the price of medical services in various regions in China, the authors analyse the results of grey relational analysis and come up with suggestions for relevant departments.

Although a plenty of research on the current situation of medical service price cognition of China is discussed in the paper, it is not complete; thus, a large amount of information needs to be consulted further. The data obtained from the questionnaire are less used and the utilisation rate is lower, which may result in one-sided results and need further investigation.

Through the investigation and analysis, the authors can determine about the implementation of medical service prices in various parts of China from the perspective of hospital workers to a certain degree, and try to explore the relevant policy recommendations for the dynamic adjustment of medical service prices.

The price of medical services refers to the fees for registration, diagnosis, inspection, surgery, nursing and medicine. In a narrow sense, the price of medical services refers to the standard of charge for medical services except drugs. This paper mainly refers to the narrow sense. As one of the important means and methods for the government to control the medical service market, medical service price is also an important basis for the economic source of medical institutions. The adjustment of medical service price is related to the interests of all aspects of society.

Medical service price is an important basis for the economic source of medical institutions, the adjustment of medical service price is related to the interests of all aspects of society and it is a hot issue of social concern. Through the investigation and analysis, the authors use grey relational analysis to know about the medical service prices in various parts of China from the perspective of hospital workers to a certain degree, and try to explore the relevant policy recommendations for the dynamic adjustment of medical service prices.

The heat transfer properties play significant roles in the thermal comfort of the clothing products. The purpose of this paper is to find the relationship between heat transfer properties and fabrics' structure, yarn properties and predict the effective thermal conductivity of single layer woven fabrics by a parametric mathematical model.

First, the weave unit was divided into four types of element regions, including yarn overlap regions, yarn crossing regions, yarn floating regions and pore regions. Second, the number and area proportion of each region were calculated respectively. Some formulas were created to calculate the effective thermal conductivity of each element region based on serial model, parallel model or series–parallel mixing model. Finally, according to the number and area proportion of each region in weave unit, the formulas were established to calculate the fabric overall effective thermal conductivity in thickness direction based on the parallel models.

The influences of yarn spacing, yarn width, fabric thickness, the compressing coefficients of air layers and weave type on the effective thermal conductivity were further discussed respectively. In this model, the relationships between the effective thermal conductivity and each parameter are some polynomial fitting curves with different orders. Weave type affects the change of effective thermal conductivity mainly through the numbers of different elements and their area ratios.

In this model, the formulas were created respectively to calculate the effective thermal conductivity of each element region and whole weave unit. The serial–parallel mixing characteristics of yarn and surrounding air are considered, as well as the compression coefficients of air layers. The results of this study can be further applied to the optimal design of mixture fabrics with different warp and filling yarn densities or different yarn thermal properties.

At present, electrical heating clothing is widely used to keep ourselves warm at low temperature. The purpose of this paper is to explore the heat transfer performance of electrical heating fabric and the thermal comfort of human skin at low temperature.

The combined model of skin-electrical heating fabric system was established to simulate human skin tissue wearing electrical heating clothing. A series of simulation experiments are designed on the basis of verifying the effectiveness of the combined model. The temperature distribution inside the combined model and on the skin surface under different heating powers is simulated and analyzed. At the same time, the influence of ambient temperature on the thermal performance of electrical heating fabric was explored.

The skin model with blood vessels reflected the temperature change of human skin wearing electrical heating clothing. The higher the heating power of the electrical heating fabric was, the greater the temperature of the skin surface changed, the faster the temperature rose and the longer the time required to reach the stable state would be. After the heating element was electrified, it had the greatest effect on the average temperature of the epidermis and dermis, had smaller effect on the average temperature of subcutaneous layer and had little effect on the temperature of blood vessels. When the heating power was the same, the higher the ambient temperature was, the more obvious the heating effect of electrical heating fabric was. Electrical heating fabrics with different heating powers were suitable for different ambient temperature ranges.

A reasonable and effective evaluation method for the thermal comfort of electrical heating fabric was provided by establishing the skin model and combined model of the skin-electrical heating fabric system. It provides a reference for the design and application of electrical heating clothing.

The Physical Internet (PI) application in a supply chain is explored by automakers to achieve a digital supply chain to challenge timely delivery while maintaining high customised production at the lowest operating cost.

A bi-objective mixed integer model is formulated, where production is performed in multistage manufacturing systems (MMS) and then delivered in a two-level distribution system. Next, a hybrid iterative method algorithm is developed to solve the practical-scale problem within an admissible time. Finally, PI's benefits on production and supply chain operation are discussed through extensive computational experiments in different supply chain configurations.

Three significant findings are obtained. First, PI can achieve a comparable or better service level, while the cost is always lower. Second, PI can improve the utilisation of production and transportation resources. Third, with a more complex supply chain and a higher production cost or truck fixed cost, PI's advantages over traditional supply chain become more vigorous, but the increase in orders will weaken it.

The auto enterprise should adopt a PI-enabled supply chain (PI-SC), especially with the increase of network complexity and specific cost factors.

Importance should be attached to the PI-SC to make customers better involved in the supply chain.

First, the application of PI in the existing plant is described. Second, MMS production with multi-mode transportation is jointly scheduled. Third, the decision support of the PI-SC is provided for auto enterprises.